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\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f EPAC \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0646\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 250 \u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f 25 \u0643\u0645\/\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 (throttle) \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b\u2014\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0639. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u201c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0629\u201d \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a\u2014500 \u0648\u0627\u0637\u060c 750 \u0648\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 25 \u0643\u0645\/\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u2014\u062a\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0631\u0636 EPAC. \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 L (\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a) 168\/2013)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631. \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b. \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 EPAC \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629\u061f \u0623\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u201c\u0644\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u201d \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u201c\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u201d\u061f \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u201c\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0627\u064b\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u2014\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0631\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u064a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0643\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u2014\u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u0629\u201d. \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 e-MTBs \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sits \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 (bottom bracket) \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 (crankset). \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633. \u0633\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 (\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 (RPM) \u062c\u064a\u062f. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u064a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 (torque) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 250 \u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0640\u060c \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c 85 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 (hub) 500 \u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0629. \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u062d\u0631\u0627\u064b\u2014\u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0630\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u201c\u0633\u062d\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u201d \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u201c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629. \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 (unsprung mass). \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643. \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u201d \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u201c\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0633\u064a\u0626\u0627\u064b\u201d. \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628. \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 B2B\u2014\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631\u2014\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sit \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633). \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 (geared)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 (direct-drive). \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0642 \u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629. \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644: \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 (chainrings). \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u2014\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u0627\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u201c\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0648\u0643\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627\u064b\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d (MSRP) \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0633\u0648\u0642\u0643. \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u067e\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0628 C1 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 48 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a 500 \u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629 6061. \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 e-MTB \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629\u2014\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f B2B\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0648\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645. \u064a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0641 PDF.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0637) \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u0647: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0646\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 EPAC \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 (\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u2014\u201c\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0642. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0640 e-MTBs\u060c \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0637. \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 (50 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c 80 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c 100+ \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631) \u0633\u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629. \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 e-MTBs \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0637. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 250 \u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c 85 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 500 \u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u0648\u0636\u0648\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c 60 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0626\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621. \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 (\u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629). \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u201d \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0643 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 (cadence). \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\/\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641\u2014\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b. \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 e-MTB \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0628. \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629: \u0627\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u201c\u0631\u0643\u0644\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0634.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Then the controller: higher-end controllers often use FOC (sine-wave) control, which makes power delivery smoother, quieter, and more efficient. Cheaper controllers are often square-wave and can feel rougher and louder. Also, controller tuning matters\u2014max current settings affect acceleration and torque feel, and thermal protection matters on long climbs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Heat is real on off-road climbs, especially with heavy riders, sand, mud, or slow technical routes. A good controller does thermal rollback\u2014reduces power gradually to protect components. A bad one just cuts out, which feels awful and can be unsafe on steep terrain. When you talk to suppliers, ask exactly how they handle overheating. Don\u2019t let them dodge that question.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A healthy e-bike business usually isn\u2019t about one \u201cbest\u201d bike. It\u2019s about matching the right motor system to the right buyer and riding environment. If you segment your line honestly, it gets easier to market, easier to support, and usually easier to profit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
For serious trail, enduro, and technical climbing riders, mid-drive is the real option. These buyers want balance, agility, and that smooth torque-sensor feeling. They pay more, but they demand more. In this segment, I\u2019d focus on reputable mid-drive systems, torque ratings above 80 Nm, and frames designed around that central motor position\u2014often 6061 or 7005 aluminum builds for toughness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
For budget-focused customers, rental fleets, and riders doing moderate terrain and forest service roads, geared hub motors make a lot of sense. They prioritize reliability and lower maintenance costs, and the drivetrain usually survives longer. A model like our ClipClop C1 fits here: 500W hub power, strong off-road fun, and less complexity. The marketing should be honest\u2014sell durability and adventure, not \u201cpro enduro weapon.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
For niche stuff like fat bikes on snow or sand, or hunting bikes, high-torque geared hub motors are often preferred because the direct push can work well in low-traction conditions. Mid-drives can sometimes stress drivetrains when traction is low and shifting isn\u2019t perfect. But if you go 750W or 1000W, be super clear: these are typically non-EPAC, private-land machines, and your disclaimers need to be loud and consistent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
When you\u2019re vetting suppliers, don\u2019t be shy\u2014ask direct questions and ask for proof. For motor and controller: What\u2019s continuous rated power vs peak power (in watts), and can you show labeling or test info? What\u2019s maximum torque (Nm), and can you share a torque curve? Is the controller sine-wave (FOC) or square-wave, and what\u2019s max current (A)? How does overheating protection work\u2014rollback or hard cutoff?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
On durability and service: What\u2019s the IP rating for motor, controller, and connectors, and was it actually tested in wet\/muddy conditions? What bearings and seals do you use inside the motor, and do you have specs or brand info? Are wiring harnesses and connectors standardized so my service team can replace parts fast? I\u2019ve seen fleet operators say \u201cstandard parts save your life,\u201d and they\u2019re not wrong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
For EU compliance and documentation, be strict. If it\u2019s EPAC, can you provide conformity documentation tied to EN 15194 (not just a casual \u201cyes\u201d)? Do the battery packs comply with relevant EU requirements, including the EU Battery Regulation documentation and markings? For non-EPAC high-power models, how do you keep them clearly distinct\u2014controller settings, physical throttle presence, labeling, and sales paperwork? Vague answers here are a red flag.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
I\u2019m not only on the engineering side at ClipClop\u2014I care a lot about whether the business works after the container lands. Because a perfectly specced e-bike is useless if your landed cost makes you uncompetitive. For EU imports from China, two big things hit you early: trade policy costs and compliance risk costs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
First, the EU has imposed anti-dumping and countervailing duties on electric bicycles originating from China, and these can be serious on top of normal tariffs. So you need a freight forwarder or customs broker who actually knows this category and commodity code details. Don\u2019t guess. Calculate landed cost properly, or your margins will vanish. A good manufacturer should understand the paperwork, but the financial responsibility is still on you.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Second, misclassification risk can destroy you. If you import bikes you believe are EPAC, but customs decides they don\u2019t meet the 250W \/ 25 km\/h requirements, the consequences can get ugly\u2014impounded shipments, fines, and reclassification into L-category moped rules. Then you\u2019re facing a new certification process you probably didn\u2019t budget for. This is why I push partners to lock specs clearly and collect compliance documents early, not after payment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
At the end of the day, choosing the motor is the foundation of your product strategy. It shapes performance, defines rider feel, sets price point, and\u2014most importantly\u2014decides whether you can legally sell the bike the way you planned. Hub vs mid-drive isn\u2019t about \u201cbetter,\u201d it\u2019s about \u201cright for your customer, your terrain, and your market rules.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
At ClipClop, we try to be more than a factory. I prefer thinking like a partner on the ground, helping you avoid sourcing traps and build a lineup that sells and survives. I\u2019ve watched brands lose trust over tiny technical choices, so I take this stuff seriously, even if I talk about it casually.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
If you want to talk through motor selection, EPAC-safe configurations, custom builds, or just how to structure a practical sourcing plan, message us. We do end-to-end manufacturing and export for electric off-road bicycles for distributors, wholesalers, and brand partners worldwide. Let\u2019s build something solid\u2014and legal\u2014and actually profitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. Can I legally sell a 750W e-bike in Poland or the EU?<\/strong> 2. What is the real-world maintenance difference between hub and mid-drive motors?<\/strong> 3. Why does a torque sensor feel so different from a cadence sensor?<\/strong> 4. How does wheel size (e.g., 27.5\u2033 vs. 29\u2033) affect motor performance?<\/strong> 5. Is a direct-drive hub motor a good option for off-road e-bikes?<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Hey, I\u2019m Leo Liang. I work with the ClipClop crew in Guangzhou, and honestly my brain lives in off-road e-bikes most days. It\u2019s not only \u201cbuild a bike, ship a bike.\u201d It\u2019s more like: help distributors, rental guys, and brands avoid the dumb mistakes I\u2019ve already seen happen in real life. One thing I keep […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1749,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_surecart_dashboard_logo_width":"180px","_surecart_dashboard_show_logo":true,"_surecart_dashboard_navigation_orders":true,"_surecart_dashboard_navigation_invoices":true,"_surecart_dashboard_navigation_subscriptions":true,"_surecart_dashboard_navigation_downloads":true,"_surecart_dashboard_navigation_billing":true,"_surecart_dashboard_navigation_account":true,"footnotes":""},"categories":[32,29],"tags":[174,159],"class_list":["post-1748","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-partners-business","category-buying-guides","tag-b2b-city-e-bike","tag-hub-vs-mid-drive-motor"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/clipclopbike.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1748","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/clipclopbike.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/clipclopbike.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clipclopbike.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clipclopbike.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1748"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/clipclopbike.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1748\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clipclopbike.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1749"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/clipclopbike.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1748"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clipclopbike.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1748"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clipclopbike.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1748"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
You cannot sell a 750 \u0648\u0627\u0637<\/strong> e-bike as a standard bicycle (EPAC). It would be classified as an L-Category vehicle, requiring type-approval, registration, and insurance, similar to a moped. You can import and sell them, but they must be marketed strictly for \u201coff-road\u201d or \u201cprivate land use only,\u201d and you must make the customer aware of the legal restrictions on public road use.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hub motors generally require less maintenance. The system is self-contained and does not put extra stress on the bike\u2019s chain and cassette. This is a major advantage for rental fleets. Mid-drive motors, because they channel their power through the drivetrain, will accelerate the wear of chains, cassettes, and chainrings, requiring more frequent replacement of these components.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A cadence sensor<\/strong> provides a fixed amount of power whenever you pedal, creating an artificial-feeling \u201cpush.\u201d A torque sensor<\/strong> measures your effort and matches it proportionally. This synergy between rider and machine creates a natural, intuitive ride that feels like an amplification of your own strength, which is highly desirable for performance-oriented cycling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A smaller wheel (27.5\u2033) effectively acts like a lower gear, giving the motor a slight mechanical advantage for acceleration and climbing. A larger wheel (29\u2033) will have a higher top speed for the same motor RPM and rolls over obstacles more easily. When choosing a motor, its performance will be influenced by the intended \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631<\/strong> and wheel specification of the final bike.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Direct-drive hub motors are less common on modern e-MTBs. They are typically heavier and have less starting torque compared to geared hub motors of a similar size. Their main advantage is regenerative braking (recharging the battery on descents), but this benefit is usually outweighed by their poor climbing performance and higher weight, making geared hub motors the superior choice for almost all off-road \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n